Vietnamese Menu Guide
from Andrea Nguyen, http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/
When you look at a Vietnamese restaurant menu, it may not seem like regular restaurant menu pages. There are strange words, cakes are offered as savories and soups are categorized as sweets. What do all of these things mean? How do you make sense of the unusual types of Vietnamese foods?
Have little fear, the menus of a deli/bakery, pho shop, or full-fledged restaurant, are set up similarly. There is a loose standard but up to this point, that standard has been left for just Vietnamese people to understand. This page, along with the pages of common Vietnamese restaurant dishes and cooking methods and ingredients, have bilingual content.
I (Andrea Nguyen) put this together with Pho411.com to bridge any communication gap between Vietnamese food lovers and Vietnamese restaurant owners and chefs.
Sections of a Vietnamese Restaurant Menu: The dishes at a Vietnamese restaurant, deli or bakery are typically organized in food groups that include:
- Appetizers - Khai Vị
- Savory Cakes, Crepe, Dumpling, Roll - Bánh
- Soup - Canh, Súp, Cháo
- Salad - Gỏi
- Chinese Style Egg Noodles - Mì
- Vermicelli (or Rice Noodles) - Bún
- Entree / Main Dish - Món Ăn Chính
- Meat (pork, beef, chicken, etc.) - Thịt
- Chicken - Thịt Gà
- Beef - Thịt Bò
- Pork - Thịt Heo
- Fish - Cà
- Seafood -
- Grilled Meatballs - Nem Nướng
- Cured Sausages - Nem chua
- Rice, Rice Plates - Cơm
- Side Dish - Món Phụ
- Vegetables and Herbs - Rau
- Sweet Dessert Soup/Pudding/Iced Sweet Drinks – Chè
- Beverages - Giải Khác
- Desserts - Tráng Miệng / Bánh Ngọt
Typical Dishes
Whether you're at a Vietnamese pho joint, takeaway deli/baker, or a formal restaurant, the range of dishes fall into a common repertoire.
Appetizers
- Beef Dipped in Vinegar - Bò Nhúng Dắm
- Classic Silky Vietnamese Sausage - Chả Lụa
- Fermented Pork Sausage - Nem Chua
- Fried Spring (Imperial) Rolls - Chả Giò
- Grilled Sugarcane Shrimp - Chạo Tôm
- Shredded Pork Salad Rolls - Gỏi Cuốn Bì
- Toasted Dried Squid - Khô Mực
- Salad (Summer) Rolls in Rice Paper - Gỏi Cuốn
Savory Bánh Snacks (Bánh = cake or bread)
- Baguette / Bread - Bánh Mì
- Beef Stew with Baguette - Bánh Mì Bò Kho
- Crispy Rice, Coconut and Shrimp Cakes - Bánh Khọt
- Curry with Baguette - Bánh Mì Cà Ri
- Mini Steamed Rice Pancakes - Bánh Bèo
- Pate Chaud - Bánh Pa-Tê Sô
- Steamed Meat Buns - Bánh Bao
- Steamed Rice Rolls - Bánh Cuốn
- Steamed Rice Sheets - Bánh Ướt
- Tet Sticky Rice Cake (Cylinder) - Bánh Tét
- Tet Sticky Rice Cakes (Square) - Bánh chưng
- Vietnamese Baguette Sandwich - Bánh Mì Thịt
Salads
- Lotus Stem Salad - Gỏi Ngó Sen
- Mango Salad - Gỏi Xoài
- Papaya Salad - Gỏi Đu Đủ
- Asparagus and Crab Soup - Súp Măng Cua
- Chicken Congee – Cháo Gà
- Fish Congee - Cháo Cá
- Offal Congee - Cháo Lòng
- Plain Congee – Cháo
- Tamarind Fish Soup - Canh Chua
Noodle Dishes (Dry, with broth, stir-fried)
- Angel Hair Vermicelli - Bánh Hỏi
- Bamboo Shoot and Duck Vermicelli Soup - Bún Măng Vịt
- Crab and Tomato Vermicelli Soup - Bún Riêu
- Crispy Noodles with Stir-fried Vegetables - Mì Xào Dòn Rau Cải
- Glass Noodles - Hủ Tiếu
- Glass Noodles Stir-fried with Vegetables - Hủ Tiếu Xào Rau Cải
- Grilled Chicken Vermicelli - Bún Gà Nướng
- Grilled Pork Angel Hair Vermicelli - Bánh Hỏi Thịt Nướng
- Grilled Pork Vermicelli - Bún Thịt Nướng
- Hanoi Grilled Pork Vermicelli - Bún Chả Hà Nội
- Hanoi Vermicelli Soup - Bún Thang
- Mekong Seafood Vermicelli Soup - Bún Mắm
- My Tho Seafood Glass Noodles - Hủ Tiếu Mỷ Tho
- Pho (Beef Noodle Soup) - Phở
- Chicken Pho Noodle Soup (Phở Gà)
- Quang Noodles - Mì Quảng
- “Silkworm” Noodles - Bánh Tằm
- Roasted Duck Egg Noodle Soup - Mì Vịt Tiềm
- Spicy Hue Vermicelli Soup - Bún Bò Huế
- Spring Roll Vermicelli - Bún Chả Giò
- Vietnamese Hand-cut Rice Noodles - Bánh Canh
- Wonton Noodle Soup - Mì Hoàng Thánh
Rice Plates
- Broken Rice - Cơm Tấm
- Fried Rice - Cơm Chiên
- Jumbo Shrimp Rice - Cơm Tôm Càng Rim
- Plain Boiled Rice - Cơm Rice with Grilled Pork Chop - Cơm Sườn
- Rice with Hainan Chicken - Cơm Gà Hải Nạm
- Rice with Stir-fried Lemongrass Chicken - Cơm Gà Xào Xã Ớt
- Rice with Stir-fried Vegetables - Cơm Xào Rau Cải
- Sizzling Crepes - Bánh Xèo
Entrees and Sides
- 7 Courses of Beef - Bò 7 Món
- Claypot Fish with Caramel Sauce - Cá Kho Tộ
- Congealed Duck Blood - Tiết Canh
- Curry - Cà Ri
- Grilled Beef in Betel Leaves - Bò Lá Lốt
- Grilled Lemongrass Chicken - Gà Nướng Xã
- Hot Pot - Lẩu
- Pork Meatballs - Xíu Mại
- Rare Lime Beef - Bò Tái Chanh
- Shaking Beef - Bò Lúc Lắc
- Simmered Pork and Eggs - Thịt Heo Kho với Trứng
- Spicy Stir-fried Lemongrass Beef - Bò Xào Xã Ớt
- Stir-fried Water Spinach - Rau Muống Xào
- Stir-fried Mixed Vegetables - Rau Xào Thập Cẩm
- Vietnamese Beef Stew - Bò Kho
Beverages - đồ uống
- Beer - Bia
- Coffee - Ca Phê
- Egg Yolk Soda Drink - Soda Sữa Hột Gà
- Fruit Shakes - Sinh Tố Trái Cây
- Hot Coffee with Condensed Milk - Ca Phê Sữa Nong
- Lime Soda Drink - Soda Đá Chanh
- Pennywort Juice - Rau Má
- Pickled Lime Soda Drink - Soda Đá Chanh Muối
- Salty Preserved Plum Drink - Soda Xí Muội
- Sugarcane Juice - Nước Miá
- Vietnamese Iced Coffee with Condensed Milk - Ca Phê Sữa Đá
- water – nước
- alcohol – rượu
- wine – rượu
Desserts/Sweets
- Baked Honey Comb Rice Cake - Bánh Bò Nướng
- Cassava and Coconut Cake - Bánh Khoai Mì
- Flan - Bánh Flan
- Fried Banana - Chuôí Chiên
- Layered Pandan Cake - Bánh Da Lợn
- Moon Cake - Bánh Trung Thu
- Sticky Rice - Xôi
- Sticky Rice Dumplings in Ginger Syrup - Chè Xôi Nước
- Sweet Corn Soup - Chè Bấp
- Sweet Fermented Rice - Cơm Rượu
- Sweet Fried Bread (Fritters) - Bánh Tiêu
- Taro Cake - Bánh Khoai Môn
- Three Color Bean Drink/Sweet soup - Chè Ba Màu
Misc. menu terms:
- Dishes with Fermented Fish/Shrimp Sauce - Mắm
- Dipping Sauces - Nước Chấm
- Vietnamese sausages - Chả
- Fresh Produce - Đồ Tươi
- Fruits - Trái Cây
- Half - hatched Duck Eggs - Hột Vịt Lộn
- Mixed Pickled Vegetables - Đồ Chua
- Rice Paper - Bánh Tráng
Cooking Methods, Seasonings, Fruits and Vegetables
Let's say you don't recognize what a dish is. You can try to decipher the menu description if you understand the Vietnamese words for cooking techniques, condiments and dipping sauces, and common fruits and vegetables.
Cooking Techniques
- Boiled - Luộc
- Dip - Nhúng
- Fried - Chiên
- Grilled - Nướng
- Pickled - Muối
- Pour - Đổ
- Roasted - Rang
- Simmered - Kho
- Steamed - Hấp
- Stewed / Braised / Slow Cooked - Hầm
- Stir-fried – Xào
- Assorted/Mixed - Thập cẩm
- Dipping Sauce - Nước Chấm
- Fermented Anchovy and Pineapple Sauce - Mắm Nêm
- Fish Sauce - Nước Mắm
- Ginger Fish Sauce - Nước Mắm Gừng
- Hoisin Sauce - Tương Ăn Phở
- Shrimp Sauce - Mắm Ruốt
- Soy Sauce - Nước Tương
- Sriracha Hot Sauce - Tương Ớt
Noodles
- Bánh phở: Flat rice stick noodles, used in phở as well as pad Thai.
- Bún: Thin, springy rice vermicelli used in a variety of Southeast Asian soups, noodle salads, and stir-fries.
- Hủ tiếu: Can refer to chewy and clear thick noodles made from tapioca (these are called hủ tiếu dai) or smaller rice stick noodles like bánh phở. Called kuy teav, in Cambodia it’s used in traditional Khmer breakfast dishes.
- Mì: A little less defined, mì can refer to whole wheat noodles or egg noodles, depending on the dish. It’s unclear why, but an exception is made for Mì Quảng, which is made with rice noodles. Fun fact: Instant noodles are called mì gói, or “package noodle” in Vietnamese.
- Miến: Clear “cellophane noodles” made from a starch, typically mung beans or cassava. They are used in Korean japchae and Thai glass noodles.
Herbs and Vegetables
- Asparagus - Măng Tây
- Bean Sprouts - Giá
- Beets - Củ Cải Đường
- Betel Leafs - Lá Lốt
- Bitter Herb - Rau Đắng
- Bitter Melon - Khổ Qua / Mướp Đắng
- Buffalo Spinach - Ngò Ôm
- Cabbage - Cải Bắp
- Carrot - Củ Cải Đỏ (Cà-rốt)
- Cassava - Khoai Mì
- Cauliflower - Cải Hoa
- Celery - Cần Tây
- Ceylon Spinach - Mồng Tơi
- Chayote - Trái Su
- Chilies - Ớt
- Chinese Broccoli - Cải Rô (aka cai lan)
- Chinese Celery - Cần Tàu
- Chinese Spinach - Rau Dền
- Chives - Hẹ
- Coriander - Ngò Rí (Ngò)
- Corn - Bắp
- Crab claw herb - Càng Cua
- Cucumber - Dưa Leo
- Culantro - Ngò Gai
- Daikon - Củ CẢi Trắng
- Edible chrysanthemum greens - Tần Ô
- Eggplant - Cà Tím
- Fish mint - Rau Dấp Cá
- Fuzzy Gourd - Bí Đao
- Galangal - Riềng
- Garlic - Củ Tỏi (Tỏi)
- Ginger - Gừng
- Green Bean - Đậu Que
- Green Radish - Củ Cải Xanh
- Guava Bean - Bầu
- Jicama - Củ Sắn
- Lemongrass - Xả
- Lettuce - Cải Xanh
- Lotus Roots - Củ Sen
- Lotus stems - Ngó Sen
- Mint - Húng Láng, Húng, Húng lũi
- Mung Bean - Đậu Xanh
- Mushroom - Nấm
- Okra - Đậu Bấp
- Parsley - Rau Mùi Tây
- Parsnip - Cây Củ Cần
- Peas - Đậu Hột
- Pennywort - Rau Má
- Pepper (black or white) - Tiêu
- Potato - Khoai Tây
- Pumpkin - Bí Gợ, Bí đỏ
- Shallot - Hành Tăm, Hành Hương
- Soy Bean - Đậu Nành
- Spearmint - Rau Húng Lủi
- Spring Onion/Green Onion/Scallion - Hành Lá
- Sweet Potato - Khoai Ngọt / Khoai Lang
- Tamarind - Me
- Taro - Khoai Môn
- Taro Stem - Bạc Hà
- Thai Basil - Quế
- Thai Eggplant - Cà Pháo
- Turmeric - Nghệ
- Vietnamese Coriander - Rau Răm
- Vietnamese Lettuce - Xà Lách
- Vietnamese Perilla - Tía Tô
- Water celery - Cần Nước
- Water Spinach - Rau Muống
- Watercress - Xà Lách Son
- Yam - Củ Từ
- Yard - Long Bean - Đậu Đũa
- Yellow Onion - Củ Hành
Fruits
- Apple - Táo
- Avocado - Bơ
- Banana - Chuối
- Cherries - Anh Đào
- Clementine / Tangerine / Mandarin - Quít
- Coconut - Dừa
- Dragonfruit - Thành Long
- Durian - Sầu Riêng
- Grape - Nho
- Grapefruit / Pomelo - Bưởi
- Guava - Ổi
- Jackfruit - Mít
- Lemon - Chanh
- Lime - Chanh
- Longan - Nhãn
- Lychee - Vải
- Mango - Xoài
- Mangosteen - Măng Cụt
- Nectarine - Xuân Đào
- Orange - Cam
- Papaya - Đu Đủ
- Peach - Đào
- Pear - Lê
- Persimmon - Hồng
- Pineapple - Khớm
- Pomegranate - Lựu
- Prune - Mận
- Rambutan - Chôm Chôm
- Salty preserved plums - Xí Muội
- Sapodilla - Sa Bô Chê
- Soursop - Mẩn CẦu Xiêm
- Star Apple - Vú Sữa
- Star Fruit - Khế
- Sweet - sop - Mẩn Cầu Ta
- Tomato - Cà Chua
- Watermelon - Dưa Hấu